Selling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Selling - Essay Example Of course trust level is the thing which enhances the every relationship bonding but when we talk about selling it values a lot – as selling relationship are business type in nature sort of. The best salesperson never compromise on its reputation or trust and always tried its best to deliver at time. And this trust of a salesman highly depends on the customer and salesman relationship – that is understand the customer need, his level of satisfaction and having honest dealing with him. The simplest example I want to give here for my above statement is the relationship between the doctor and a sales person of a pharmaceutical corporation. Doctor never having its personal affiliation with the company whose medicine he usually does prescribe actually it is his relationship with the representative of that company who push him to recommend its medicine - in point of fact the key of selling moves around personal business relationship. The best salesman always follows the strat egy which is do business with persons not with companies. A part from all above, customer entertainment which a salesman providing him also groomed that relationship – that is having outdoor eating and other recreational activities you know giving your customer casual environment. Selling is a sort of profession which very much focused relationship ethics and you now tough times which we say ups and downs are the part of every relation. If both ends have a healthy relation then these tough tome (like any delay in scheduled delivery of stock etc) can be easily tackled. Networking, another very potential term in career of salesman. How I tell you this. Basically it increases your social relations. It also happens that buyer recommend you to others thus give a boost to salesman business. But it is better to network always rather if you want some type of business dealing. The approach to do networking always expands and strengthens the relationship in improved

Social Responsibility and the Traditional College Student Research Paper

Social Responsibility and the Traditional College Student - Research Paper Example Freshman, all too often students leave for college and have no idea what the next chapter of their life will consist of in college. They understand they are headed to college and they are expected to attend class, make the grades, and graduate to get a good job. What they do not realize is that it is hardly that simple. There is so much more to the college experience aside from the obvious and one thing I feel traditional students lack is an understanding of personal responsibility. Students embrace the absence of their parents with the new gained freedom but the end result is binge drinking, campus reports of rape, alcohol poisoning, and lowered retention rates. It has been understood that in order to cultivate the values of responsibility, and good citizenship in the next generation that active investment is desirable for the purpose of civic responsibility. Apart from simply academic endeavors, productive and stable society needs in socially minded individuals able to give due dil igence to the needs of the community, and interest of a multicultural integration for the betterment of the whole. A time-honored strategy which serves as both an indicator and an encouragement of civic responsibility would be the fostering of voluntary service programs, often involving college students. Primarily, the evaluation for any such program at the college level is whether and to what extent the program or intervention measure benefits the students collectively. Involvement in voluntary service initiatives can be useful in the strategic planning for institutional policy in the long run. While civic responsibility and social awareness are desirable traits, and such programs by definition should be bereft of a profit motive, there must still be some nod to the principle of efficiency. What is the most effective use of the institution's time and resources with an eye towards long-term objectives of cultivating social responsibility? The investigation of programs and interventi ons that promote student responsibility are valuable for long-term planning purposes, but the body of literature concerning longitudinal research on the subject remains sparse. There are findings that indicate voluntary service programs can provide gains in civic responsibility, as well as cognitive performance – but more work is needed to fully quantify to what extent such gains are likely. And critics would suggest that many such studies concerning cognitive gains with respect to voluntary programs demonstrate limited evidence of effectiveness beyond the originating college campus. (Astin & Sax, 1998), (Batchelder & Root, 1994) Literature Review To integrate the subject of personal responsibility into curriculum would serve them well. Like a College 101 but on the social end rather than the academics end. In the article, â€Å"Teaching Students Personal and Social Responsibility With Measureable Learning Outcomes†, the topic of personal and social responsibility was addressed with regards to the 21st century college student. There was a study done at Rollins College (a small private liberal arts school) and Winthrop University (medium-sized, public comprehensive university) to evaluate personal and social responsibility; they created Core Commitments as a guiding philosophy (AAC&U,

Description of a Response Journal Essay Example for Free

Description of a Response Journal Essay Journals provide learners with an opportunity to record their personal thoughts, emotions, ideas, questions, reflections, connections, and new learning on what they hear, view, read, write, discuss and think. â€Å"What we as educators want is that their writing enable students to personalize a story and gain insights about the character, to help them reflect, and to help them see the world in a different way.† (Brownlie, 2005) â€Å"Our reflections are the making of deeper meaning and richer understandings. Our reflections are our dreams, our ideas, our questions, our initiatives, our visions – our journeys of lifelong learning and teaching. † (Schwartz Bone, 1995) Why are Response Journals an effective reading strategy? Response journals allow the students to â€Å"remember to hold on to their thinking† about what they are reading. (Zimmermann, 1997) Response journals are easily implemented at all levels. They can be used to target specific outcomes of the Provincial ELA Curriculum. Response journals can be used with any genre of literature (poetry, short stories, media text, novel studies) and in different content areas that use expository text. When should Response Journals be introduced? Response journals should be introduced as soon as possible using scaffolding such as sentence frames or prompts to start. The goal should be to have students enter the middle years feeling comfortable with recording their responses to reading with little or no scaffolding. How can I ensure student success? Choose poetry, stories or books with enough depth to elicit responses. Students should have the opportunity to discuss the reading before ever being asked to write a response. Use of the â€Å"Say Something† strategy (Brownlie, 2005) creates an atmosphere of acceptance and trust. Modeling, scaffolding, building criteria with students and practice with feedback are the most important tools for improving the quality of responses. Scaffolding is the use of a variety of starters, frames and graphic organizers to allow students to develop thoughtful responses. If needed, open ended prompts may be used for some students. (See Appendix) Modeling is critical to the success of student journal writing. Teachers need to model their thinking about a selected piece of text and how that thinking can be used to form a written response. This needs to be done regularly throughout the year with a variety of texts and responses. Students require frequent practice in the various forms of journal writing. The teacher must provide feedback based on criteria that has been developed with the students. This practice with feedback allows students to monitor their growth and set goals for future journal responses. What are the different formats for Response Journals? (See Appendix for examples) 1. Double Entry Journal This is the most common response journal. The page is divided in half lengthwise. One side refers to a specific piece of text in the form of a quote or a summary. The specific text may target a literary strategy, technique or element of the author’s craft. It may also elicit a personal response such as a connection, feeling or opinion. The other side targets the students’ thoughts regarding the selected piece of text. 2. Diary Entry In this style, the student writes from the point of view of one of the characters. It should include what the character might be thinking or feeling. 3. Illustration Students draw or illustrate a specific scene using thought bubbles or captions to show the character’s thoughts and feelings or demonstrate the scene’s importance. (Brownlie, 2005) 4. Interview The student makes up questions they would ask one of the main characters. The questions are answered in the characters â€Å"voice†. 5. Letter There are many options in this response. Students may write a letter to a character, to the author, to the teacher, to a friend, to another student. In the letter they are asking questions or sharing ideas about what they have read. At times, certain letter types could be responded to in the same fashion as a Dialogue Journal. 6. Dialogue Journal Students reading the same novel work in pairs. They write a reflection to their partner in response to the novel. The following day, they exchange journals and write back to their partner. (Brownlie, 2005) 7.Graphic Organizers Graphic organizers such as KWL Charts, Mind Maps, Venn Diagrams, Timelines, Bar Line Graphs are used to assist students in constructing meaning from text. 8.Coding the Text There are a variety of coding techniques including the use of stickies or highlighting to target specific elements of text such as vocabulary, figurative language, and confusing parts of text, questions and memorable quotes. If specific letter/symbol codes are being used, they should be developed in collaboration with your students and clearly posted in your room. How do I assess my students’ journal responses? Teachers assess for content not conventions. Students must be part of the criteria setting process. This will enable students to set clear and realistic goals. Teachers may choose to examine journal entries as evidence of student writing at the draft stage. However, this does not mean that students cannot choose one of their responses to take through the writing process and publish at a later date. How do I build and use criteria with my students? Criteria are the standards by which something can be judged or valued. When we determine these criteria, we are deciding what counts. Teachers set criteria with their students. When students are involved in developing criteria, they are much more likely to understand what is expected of them, â€Å"buy in†, and then accomplish the task successfully. A four step process for setting criteria with students encourages student participation, understanding and ownership. The first three steps should be carried out before or as students are beginning their project or assignment. †¢Brainstorm †¢Sort and Categorize †¢Make and Post a T-Chart †¢Add, Reuse, Refine For further information on setting criteria, refer to Setting and Using Criteria. Copyright 1997. Kathleen Gregory, Caren Cameron, Anne Davies, Connections Publishing. How do I tie the Reading Continuum descriptors to my students’ journal responses? At every level of the continuum, there are descriptors that can be assessed by some type of journal response. For example, at the Expanding Level students should be able to â€Å"express opinions with evidence from the text†. In the journal response, the teacher should be looking for opinions supported with evidence from the text. The teacher should see evidence of this at least three times before noting this skill on the reading continuum.

Determining Ethanol in Fermented Glutinous Rice

Determining Ethanol in Fermented Glutinous Rice 1.0 Introduction Fermented glutinous rice is a popular dessert among Malaysian consumers. It consist of carbohydrate such as rice and it need to be fermented for a few days until the glucose have been converted into the ethanol, carbon dioxide and energy whereas it signs is when the taste is sweet flavor. Cassava also can be fermented. Both of dishes served mostly in Southeast Asia. When the processes are completed, commonly the fermented glutinous rice will be wrapped in banana leaves. During the fermentation process, it most often done by a product called ‘ragi’. However, the consumption of fermented glutinous rice had rise the halal issue among the Muslim community. It is because the ethanol content that is produced during the fermentation is 5% which is similar to the concentration of ethanol in alcoholic beverages such as beers. As we know, the value of alcohol can be contained in the food that had been stated by JAKIM is 0.01% only. As we know, when a lot of alcohol are consumed, i t can affect our health and can caused death. There are many analytical methods that had been studied by researchers to determine the alcohol contained in food. Thus, FTIR spectroscopic had been chosen based on the easiest, low time consuming and low cost for determination of alcohol in fermented glutinous rice. Thus, it can give a contribution by providing the alcohol content for the sake of Muslim. 2.0 Rice The staple food for nearly two-thirds of the world’s population is rice (Oriza sativa L.). According to Arendt (2013), in 2010, China, India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Vietnam and Myanmar alone provided more than 75% of the world’s total rice production. As we know, the lowest protein content of all the cereals is rice but it also highly nutritious among others. It is rich in carbohydrates. There are many ways that it can be consumed by the consumers. For instance, in the form of puffed rice, noodles, snack foods and fermented sweet rice. To make bakery products, sauces, infant foods, breakfast cereals, alcoholic beverages and vinegar, it also can be used. 2.1 Fermentation Fermentation is one of the natural processes. According to Theresa (2014), when organisms convert nutrients for example carbohydrate such as starch and sugar into an acid (lactic acid and acetic acid) or an alcohol, it is called as energy-yielding anaerobic metabolic process which is occurs in fermentation. For instances, to obtain energy, yeast will perform fermentation by converting the sugar into the alcohol. Many people all around the world use fermentation to produce products such as wines, cheese and beers. It is also known as one of the historical biotechnological processes. 2.2 Fermented Glutinous Rice Tapai or also known as fermented glutinous rice is one of the Malaysian favorite dessert. It is come from Indonesia and Malaysia. Actually it is sour and sweet alcoholic paste, have a very pleasant aroma and it also can be used directly as a food or in traditional recipe. Normally, it is wrapped with rubber tree leaves or banana leaves. It can be made from carbohydrate sources such as cassava, glutinous rice or white rice. It have to undergo fermentation process which is performed by many types of moulds including Rhizopus oryzae, Aspergillus oryzae, Rhizopus oryzae or Mucor species, and including yeast for example Saccharomycopsis fibuliger, Endomycopsis burtonii and others,along with the bacteria. Besides, tapai also can be used to produce alcoholic beverages. Figure 1: example of fermented glutinous rice 2.3 Preparation Of Fermented Glutinous Rice To produce fermented glutinous rice, the ingredient needed is glutinous rice, yeast and sugar. The procedures are as follow: The glutinous rice was washed and soaked it overnight Glutinous rice will be cooked . After it had been cooked well, we need to cool it. After it has cooled, the yeast was pounded and then sprinkled it on the top of cooked rice. sugar was mixed with water and sprinkle each layer of rice with water to start the fermentation The rice was packed in layers into a tight container. Each of the layer was sprinkled with some sugar water to allow the fermentation proces. It will take about 2 days for fermentation occurred. After 2 days, there will be a bit liquid in the bottom of the container. At this time, the fermentation is complete. The liquid which collects at the bottom of container is called brem (rice wine). Originally it have a low alcohol content after fermentation in a few days but if it continued fermented, the alcohol content will increase. Yeast will carried out both anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration. In the fermentation in of yeast, anaerobic respiration is occurred which is the yeast will secrete the enzyme zymase (Ali et al, 2012). According to Ali et al (2012), this enzyme will hydrolyse glucose to form the ethanol, energy and carbon dioxide in the absence of the oxygen Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide + Energy The enzyme can speed up the fermentatation process and only a small amount of enegy used. Therefore, in ethanol there is a large amount of energy stored as chemical energy due to the incomplete broken down of glucose in anerobic respiration. 3.0 The Importance of Determination of Alcohol In western countries, there are a lot of alcoholic beverages for example beers, wines and distilled spirit drinks. A drink that typically containing below 60% v/v of ethyl alcohol is known as an alcoholic beverage (Gallignani et al,2005). There are three main classes of alcoholic beverages which are wines, beers and distilled spirit. Ryan (2014) stated that the alcoholic beverages which are made from germinated barley (malt), water, yeast and hops are known as beers while alcoholic beverages that produced by the fermentation of fresh grapes and grains for example rice are called as wines. The distilled spirituous beverages that contained 15% of alcohol or above and made from tubers, grain, fruit or sugar cane are known as spirit. But it is clearly that it is forbidden for Muslims to consume it as we know the alcohol content that exist in the beverages. On the other hand, in Malaysia we are not consuming the alcohol in the alcoholic beverages but we are consuming alcohol in the food product without realized about it. As stated above, alcohol can be produced naturally in some product that we consumed in our daily life such as soy sauce, fermented cassava and fermented glutinous rice that also become the Malaysian favorite food especially during the celebrations. Besides, there are also laboratories or specialized factory that produced ethanol artificially for the processing of various consumer products. Generally, the issue of the existence of alcohol in food is still been debated until today in Malaysia. The confusion is not only faced by the society but it also faced by the academicians and scholars. Glutinous fermented rice seems to have ethanol content higher than had been stated by JAKIM. Compared to the others natural product like soy sauce, the alcohol content in the fermented glutinous rice is about 5% of ethanol. Table 1: Alcohol content (ethanol) in fermented glutinous rice and fermented cassava. (The Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) , 1983) Alcohol content (ethanol) % Day Fermented glutinous rice Fermented cassava 0 3.0 3.4 1 3.4 2.8 2 5.2 3.3 Based on the table 1, the ethanol content on the day 3 of the fermentation showed that the ethanol content in the fermented glutinous rice is 5.2% which is higher than the fermented cassava which is 3.3%. The alcohol content in fermented glutinous rice is similar to the alcohol content in beers which is 5%. Thus it had raised the halal issues to the Muslim community in Malaysia. Apart from that, consuming too much alcohol can lead to the bad consequences to the consumers especially for the acute chronic consumer. It is the main reason why we need to study the alcohol contents in fermented glutinous rice. The information about the content of alcohol can be such a contribution to the people and for the sake of Muslims all around the world. It also can make them more aware about what they had consumed. The ethanol content in fermented glutinous rice can increase when we continuing kept it for a longer time. At the certain time, the liquid produced can be categorized as alcohol as it can make us drunk if over consumed. As we know, when we consumed alcohol in a large amount, it can give a bad consequence effect to the consumer. Besides having pervasive psychosocial and economic consequences, alcohol is one of the main contributors to morbidity and mortality (Acharjee et al, 2015). All around the world, the number of deaths and substantial disability from medical and psychiatric consequences of alcohol misuse is increases day by day. Clearly in term of health, it is not good for us to consume alcohol in our life. Alcohol has an adverse impact on human. It has been proven in science, psychology and sociology. Acharjee et al (2015) also stated that large amount of alcohol has harmful effects on our health. For instance, alcohol can effects our cardiovascular such as hypertension, sudden cardiac death, stroke, cardiomyopathy and cardiac arrhythmias. In term of psychology, some crime and immorality in society happened due to the intake of alcohol. Often, drunks do not have a good attitude because when they get drunk, they were not aware of their behavior, which can cause discomfort to the community. This group also can apply chaos in a country because when alcohol addicts exist in a government or private sector, it can lead to abuse of power, property, embezzlement of state funds and breach of trust. 4.0 ANALYTICAL METHODS IN DETERMINATION OF ETHANOL A number of analytical methods have been employed with the aim of determination of alcohol. Commonly, there are combination of methods in order to achieved better result while analyze the sample. In western countries, various type of analytical method were developed to determine alcohol in alcoholic beverages. For example, Vonach et al (1998) had presented the coupling of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with Fourier –transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It can be used to determine the main component of wine such as glucose, fructose, citric, lactic, tartaric acid, glycerol, ethanol and so on. When it was about the sample preparation, it seems that the process was a little bit tedious because when using the internal standard, it need to be dissolved in distilled water and many more process need to carry out. The stationary phase and mobile phase that used in this study is ion-exchange resin based column and sulfuric acid. From the external reference data, an average deviation can be resulted which is 0.16mg/ml (Vonach et al, 1998). Yarita et al (2002) had proposed HPLC-FID to determine the ethanol content. Pure water had been chosen as a mobile phase in this study. When liquid water was introduced in FOD system, it changes into vapor. Due to limited flow rate of the HPLC eluent that introduced in FID system, capillary tube act as an alternative ways to control the flow rate of the HPLC eluent. Triacontylsylyl (C-30) silica gel is preferred because it show less decrease in the retention time compared with other. The ethanol concentration in the six sample can be detected around 10.2%-40.8% v/v at temperature 150C (Yarita et al, 2002). Gas chromatography also can be used as analytical tool to determine the alcohol in sample. Wang et al (2004) had proposed direct injection capillary gas chromatography that can be used to detect the methanol in beverages. Megapore capillary column with high polarity had been choosing to get the optimum condition for this study. It is because of it can used to separate the methanol in alcoholic beverages from the other components. At the stable baseline region, according to Wang et al (2004) when using acetonitrile as internal standard, it can perform clear separation from other constituents of sample. The samples studied were wine and whisky. Based on the obtained result, chromatogram give 3.06 min retention time for methanol while for the internal standard, it consumed about 4.21 min. Gas chromatography coupling with capillary column also has been proposed by Wang et al (2004). The aim was to determine both concentration of methanol and ethanol by using two internal standards which are acetonitrial for ethanol and 2- pentanol for methanol. Wang et al (2004) stated that for methanol, the retention time that revealed by this method was 2.87min while for ethanol, the retention time was 3.41 min. The analysis of both alcohol by using this method is 12 min. Apart from that, the limit of quantitation (LOQ) for methanol was 5 ÃŽ ¼g/mL and ethanol was 5 mg/mL (Wang, 2004). These methods are assumed to give contribution in order to determine the methanol content in industries due to high accuracy and precision. However, this method is time consuming and tedious. Vapour-phase FT-IR also can be used as analytical tool in determination of alcohol in beverages. In this experiment, there are aqueous solution of ethanol and methanol in the sample (Garrigues et al., 1997). The alcohol that contained in the sample had determined by using liquid-phase FTIR and vapour-phase FTIR. According to the Garrigues et al (1997), the result that obtained by the liquid-phase FTIR spectra, when pure water is used as a blank, there are a series of overlapping positive and negative peak (Garrigues et al., 1997). On the other hand, when discussing about FTIR spectra obtained by using vapour-phase FTIR after the injection of sample in heated plate, Garrigues et al (1997) stated that both ethanol and methanol provided a well-defined peak in the range of 1500 to 900 cm-1.The absorbance value for liquid-phase and vapour-phase are same but the spectrum for vapour-phase is clearer than spectrum for liquid-phase. Besides, the sensitivity and resolution of the alcohol band also high for vapour-phase FTIR (Garrigues et al., 1997). For the screening analysis of beverages, NIR can be used as a spectroscopic technique ( Barboza, 2003). The applications range was limited when using NIR because it has low sensitivity (Lanchemier, 2007). According to Chandley (1993), between NIR bitterness value and spectral data, the observation is it has a poor correlations and it needs the evaporation of water (dry extract spectroscopy) to make the determination of bitterness become possible. When mid-infrared combination with FTIR spectroscopy was used, it becomes such a development in the spectroscopic analysis compared with the using of NIR. Compared to the NIR, when using FTIR, we can get better result when analyzing the minor component such as lactic acid (Lanchenmier , 2007). Furhermore,it also can produce high resolution peak and the spectra also clearer when using FTIR ( Gallignani et al, 2003). Liquid Fourier transform-middle infrared spectrometry can be used to analyze wine in a 90 s (Patz et al., 2004). FTIR/PLS have b een developed for the multicomponent screening to analyze the alcohol in beverages (Neuwoudt et al, 2004).A lot of information can be obtained when using NMR rather than NIR and FTIR. According to Lanchenmier et al (2005), the distinct signals of the spectra can be produced if NMR was applied. In the calculation of cost-benefit for both NMR and FTIR, Lanchenmier (2007) also mentioned that in contrast with NMR, FTIR can give more advantage for screening method due to the less investment and operational costs. In this study, we want to determine the concentration of the ethanol in fermented glutinous rice with the use of FTIR and combination with Partial Least Square in the context of official food control. FTIR can give us advantages in order to determine and analyse the alcohol in alcoholic beverages because it can help us to reduce the time cost, and at the same time, it is also contribute for a good precision and accuracy when dealing with the parameters (Moreira et al., 2004). Fu rthermore, according to Lachenmeier (2007), a simple sample preparation is needed when dealing with FTIR spectroscopy compared to the other analytical methods. Problem Statement Recently the consumption of the fermented glutinous rice had rise the halal issue to the Muslim community since its alcohol content is similar to beer which is 5%. In order to determine the alcohol contained in the fermented glutinous rice, the government and private sector need the easiest, cheapest and low in cost analytical method for determination of alcohol. So we have come out with FTIR spectroscopy technique as this technique did not require the sample preparation like the other analytical method. Besides, it is not time consuming method and it has low cost compared to the other method. We also combine the FTIR with combination of Partial Least Square (PLS) in order to achieve better result. Objectives This study was conducted based on the objectives stated below: To develop method with the best accuracy To determine the lowest of detection limit To identified the ethanol contained in the sample

Ann rule- Dead At sunset Essay -- essays research papers

This book is just one account of what took place on that fatal September 21, 1986 night. It was a warm and beautiful Sunday night on the Sunset High way in Oregon when Cheryl Keeton was brutally bludgeoned body was found in her van, in the fast lane by a motorist, Randall Kelly Blighton who just stopped to see if he could offer any type of help.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Randall Blighton saw a silhouette of an infant in the vans window which now he says was a car seat. He felt that he couldn’t just pass by after he had just dropped off his own children with their mother. When he first arrived by the van he set out flares to make sure that everybody knew that the van was there. He then went to open the drivers side door and found that a woman’s purse was jammed between the accelerator and the firewall, that would explain the continually motion forward. He could see that a figure was lying across the front seat and that the head was tucked into the chest just over the passenger seat. He could see that the figure had on one loafer type on one foot that looked feminine. As he searched to turn on the emergency flashers and was unable to find them, not knowing that they were over head. He felt the floor to see if there was a baby. However, as he felt around he realized that the floor and seats of the van and realized why it was so hard to see through the drivers side window that was splattered with something dark, blood. Nevertheless, he felt it was more important to keep searching to find the baby instead of stopping. He shuddered and didn’t get how there could be so much blood in the van if it hadn’t been hit by another vehicle. Randall then hopped in the drivers seat and moved the van on to the shoulder of 79th where it met sunset highway. Mr. Blighton then ran to the passenger side door, which was slightly open to see if the woman had a pulse when he could not feel one he then ran to get help. He finally came to a house and told them to call for help. Thomas Stewart Duffy Jr was on duty that night at Washington County Fire District Number One. The call came in roughly at 8:44 that night. They had many calls come in from the sunset highway and most proved fatal. They arrived to see the blue Toyota van parked facing north along 79th . The man was covered in dark spots and they weren’t sure just what they were getting into. When they arrived at the woman ... ...s fear. Brad later left the house and it was a mess Sara was unsure if he was ever to return and went to the house with a realtor only to find the locks and high tech security system had been changed. Did you know?  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This would be the second case to be tried in civil court for a murder with no weapons just circumstantial evidence.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cheryl Keeton could see that Brad would kill her and was warned by many close friends never to be alone with him but felt she had to go and get her children back that fatal Sunday night.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Brad Cunningham grew up in a divorced household where he was not wanted by his father and was never to see his mother or have any contact with her. After she had an affair with a Hispanic man and was caring his child.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He had a brother that never was able to have a relationship with a woman.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Been married 4 times before Sara, seemed not to marry for love but for control and to get what ever he wanted. Eight years after killing his divorced wife in Portland, Oregon, Brad Cunningham was finally convicted of her murder

Learning in the Early Years Essay -- Papers Child Psychology

Learning in the Early Years This assignment identifies they key ideas and work of Margaret McMillan, Maria Montession, Rudolph Steiner and Fredrich Froebel. To discuss how those early educators have influenced current early years practice and to identify to ways in which current provision and practice is influenced by the work of the early educators. Margaret McMillan (1860 - 1931) Margaret McMillan believed in active learning through first-hand experiences and emphasised feelings and relationships aswel as physical aspects of movement and learning. She believed that children become whole people through play. She thought play helps them to apply what they know and understand. Margaret McMillan emphasised the importance of a close partnership with parents: she encouraged parents to develop alongside their children. Her most important achievement is to have been described as the 'godmother' of school meals and the school medical services. She believed that children are unable to learn if they are undernourished, poorly clothed, sick etc. To be described as the 'godmother' Margaret McMillan began a campaign to improve the health of children by arguing that local authorities should install bathrooms, improve ventilation and supply free school meals, eventually the House of Commons became convinced that hungry children cannot learn and passed the 1906 Provision of School Meals Act. Margaret McMillan pioneered nursery schools, which she saw as an extension of, not a substitute for home and as communities in themselves. She emphasised the value of open air and introduced gardens for families to play and explore. Margaret McMill... ...ctice is Friedrich Froebel. Most mainstream early year's provision in the UK is based on Froebelian principles. Children's development is encouraged through provision of a wide range of materials and activities tailored to the needs of the individual child. The current best practice emphasises Friedrich Froebel's beliefs that creativity, science and the humanities are important, these are now integrated across curriculum areas. Friedrich Froebel allowed children to use the 'Gifts' and 'Occupations' as they wished, with out having to do set tasks of the kind that adults usually asked of them. In the current practice this is known as free-flow play, this occurs for an average of 80% of a child's day at nursery. Bibliography  · Class Worksheets.  · Nolan.Y (2002) BTEC National Early Years, Oxford, Heinemann.

One day leave

It is very important for the local organization to transition their strategic to the MEN. Because of the MEN can bring more new opportunities, knowledge, and resources of the information to the organization more than the domestic. It also can help the organization get more competitive advantages in the global. Introduction Tease Motors, Inc. Is a California-based company that designs, manufactures and sells electric cars and electric vehicle perpetration components including lithium-ion battery packs (â€Å"Tease motors,† 2013). Tease Motors is named after electrical engineer and physicist Nikolas Tease.Because of Tease uses an AC motor descended directly from Nikolas Teasel's original 1882 design. Tease Motors producing the first fully electric port car in the world (â€Å"Nikolas tease,†). Background In July 2003, Martin Bernhard and Marc Tarpapering incorporated Tease Motors. In February 2004, Leon Musk became Teasel's Board of Directors as its Chairman. Musk's prima ry goal was to commercialism electric vehicles all the way to mass market, starting with a premium sports car aimed at early adopters and then moving as rapidly as possible into more mainstream vehicles, including sedans and affordable compacts.There are four car models in Tease Motors, which are Tease Roadster, Model S, Model X, and Future models (â€Å"Model s,† 2013). Tease Motors was founded in San Carols, California, in Silicon Valley. In April 2008, Tease Motors opened its first retail store in West Los Angels, California. In July 2008, Tease Motors opened its second retail store in Menlo Park, California. In July 2009, Tease Motors opened a display showroom in New York City's Chelsea Art District. In July 2009, Tease Motors also opened a store in Seattle.Tease subsequently opened stores in Washington, DC; New York City; Chicago; Danni Beach in Florida; Boulder, Colorado; Orange County in California; San Jose in In August 2009, Tease Motors planned to move its corporate headquarters and lid a perpetration development facility at 3500 Deer Creek Road, in the Stanford Research Park in Palo Alto, California. The new facility would occupy 369,000 sq. Ft. (34,300 mm) on a 23-acre (93,000 mm) parcel previously occupied by Agilest Technologies.In February 2010, Tease completed the headquarters move. About 350 employees are expects to be based at the Stanford site initially, potentially increasing to 650 (â€Å"Tease motors,†). Why TEASE Company Need Expand Their Operations Internationally With the development of the internal business, it is necessary that TEASE expand their operations internationally. And there are four reasons as the following: First of all, among the earliest motivations that drove companies to invest abroad was the need to secure key supplies. Christopher & Paul, 2008) With the increase of TEASE cars' demand, they will need more and more materials from different countries. Just like the automobile batteries, which need some cou ntries that have good technology and experience for produce the batteries for the new cars. Also some of the automobile materials need stable producing area to guarantee quality. Secondly, another strong trigger for internationalization could be described as market-seeking behavior. In order to find more wide market and opportunities, TEASE need expand their operations internationally.For example, even though make the TEASEL'S car in the U. S. , American people may not the main consumers of the cars. The reason is that from the culture things American people prefer large and straightforward cars than the light vehicle. However, in other countries, TEASE cars maybe very popular, because the countries which have different cultures may prefer the light vehicle better than the heavy-duty vehicle. So in this case, the TEASE will get more opportunity and market shares in these areas.Beside the culture, different countries developing degree and policy will impact the selection of the cars. For example, in china because of the air pollution, the government made a lot of the rules for limiting the carbon emissions such like some taxes of the carbon emissions. So the electric car will be more and more popular in China. Doing business in foreign countries will get more competitive advantage than Just doing business in home country. The third is that traditional and important trigger of internationalization was the desire to access low- cost factors of production.Christopher & Paul, 2008) No matter what the motivation is, the final things that the company focuses on is the profit. Beside the high sales volume, another important thing they should pay attention is cost. There is a problem the managers considering the every day, which is how to reduce the cost. There is no doubt that expand the operations internationally is a good way to reduce the cost. For example, the labor is more and more expansive in recent years, especially in some developed countries.So if a company could build their manufacture in some developing countries that have low labor fees. They will save a lot of cost. Beside this reason, the freight is another problems for the cost. So the good way to solve the cost problems is expand the operations internationally. The fourth is that internal business will increase scale economies, ballooning R&D investments, and shortening product life cycles that transformed many industries into global rather than national essential prerequisite for companies to survive in those businesses. Christopher & Paul, 2008) The Benefit of Expand Operations Internationally For TEASE Once the TEASE expands their operations internationally, they could use Global Hess. Global chess is a kind of competitive strategy, which could be played only by the companies that managed their worldwide operations as interdependent units that implemented a coordinated global strategy. (Christopher & Paul, 2008) TEASE will get a lot of benefit from the strategy. First of all, that is a positive complementation. For example, now TEASE is very good brand of battery vehicle.And it was born in US with a very good reputation. Because of it name and brand, more and more people know that, especially the foreign countries, they are very expected to try this new care ND that is the reason why that is so popular in some Asia countries. We know that the America population is limited; also because of the fierce competition there are not some much people in US automobile market. However, in Chinese the market will be very wide, there are a lot of people who need good vehicle. So TEASE could get a huge profit from Chinese market.And use this money to create new technology in TEASE in US, and use them back to the Chinese and create better service and suitable cars for Chinese drivers. So that will be a very positive complementation. The second hint is it could promote the company's bad position. For example, TEASE cars will be sold in a lot of countries. However, we c ould not guarantee that TEASE cars could sell well in every country. If a new product want to enter in a new market, it need a very long process, people need time to accept it.During this time, the company will spend a lot of cost such as the inventory fees, advertising fees, managing fees and so on. Expending operations internationally which offer a possible that using Global chess. For example when the company get trouble in Europe, they could use the Asia arrest's good profit to help the Europe company ride out a storm until the new cars are accepted by Europe customers. Finally, this strategy could make sure the abundance of capital.Global chess is very helpful for TEASE adjust their capital among the world business. And that will make the TEASE Company having more power for respond the risk of the world business. Issues When TEASE Becomes Transnational Organization The issues that transnational organizations have to facing with are: the force for local differentiation and respo nsiveness, and the challenge of management style and the lobar business management strategies. With regard of push Tease Motors, Inc. Into transnational organization, these issues are unavoidable.First, the core issues that inside the force for local differentiation and responsiveness is: Cultural differences, government demands and growing pressures for localization. Cultural differences in other word operating in a diversified condition could have numerous barriers and uncertain issues. Each market has their characteristics and talent. For example, in Japan, people are exchanging gifts with their working partners such as suppliers or customers. For American managers it is definitely looks like bribe. And many U. S. Managers thought the action is wrong. Ultra, they turned to accept it and even encourage, the practice as ethical behavior in Japan (Cert., S. & Cert., S. (2012). As this case, the management of transnational organization must facing with the culture shock by diversity. When TEASE reforms them into a transnational organization, they must know the culture of the targeted market. For instance, in vehicle industry, U. S. Market has more pick up truck or heavy engine vehicle. One of the reasons is the usage. However, the other reason is not cause of any geographic or physical reason but people Just like it.When promoting TEASE vehicle to China, management has to a lot of research and completely understanding what they like but not only consider about the pricing or design. In other word, transnational organization managements need to not only consider about technical and general marketing issues but also have to capture all of these specific traits in the target market. The second issue government demands is the issue between home country government and host country government. Both of these two sides are desire for benefits. For host country the benefits would be funds, technology, and expertise from the transnational organization.And for home countr y that desire the transnational organization can successfully growing the host country and bring extra revenue and benefit to both company side and government side. The government of host country is an extremely important access point for the transnational organization. It could let the company access to the local market or receive resources in the host country. When both side of home and host government come into win-win situation, the conflict would not be exist. However, actually the conflicts still existing between two parties.For example, transnational organization would drive rural exodus, rising consumerism, rejection of indigenous values, or a breakdown of traditional community structures of the host country (Bartlett & Beams, 2011). Thus the government of the host country would take a good balance to treat transnational companies. For example, there were a lot of issues of North American Free Trade Agreement (NONFAT); the free trade agreement between the United States, Cana da and Mexico. The expectation of the agreement should be numerous positive things or all of the partner countries.However, in Mexico government perspective, they complained about the environmental pollution issue because of NONFAT. The huge amount of trading also caused a serious damage of nature in Mexico. Deforestation and reduce of farmland getting much worse than before. In annual, more than 630,000 hectares of land has been deforesting after NONFAT official started. Moreover, the large amount using of agriculture chemical also brought a terrible damage of the land. Also other industries cause scarcity of hazardous waste disposal facilities, water pollution issue and scarcity of fresh water simultaneously.According to this Mexico government had announced compensation to the United States government. The data should be questionable here because there is no evidence of the pollution is exactly caused by free trade agreement. However, the point in here is; even under a free trade agreement between two countries, there still have conflict from each other. Similarly, when a transnational organization goes into a oversea market, even they bring new Job opportunities or contribute to the host country, there still would have complain by the government (Villager, 2012). Hence the pressure from governmentThirdly, according to the development of information technology, the living standard is increasing continuously. To meet the needs in each market, transnational organization should be very flexible with market trend. A large group of consumers has emerged to reject the homogeneity product design and performance of standardized global products (Bartlett & Beams, 2011). For example, TV is becoming a part of necessary items in each home. More people are connecting DVD player, game player, computer or other equipment with TV let the homogeneity product â€Å"TV† becomes more entertained product.Hence for TEASE to Join a new oversea market, only selling the vehic le would not be enough to survive in current market trend (Bartlett & Beams, 2011). For TEASE Motors successfully go into oversea market, they should have an unbeatable management style and the global business management strategies. Three strategies that TEASE Motors can be use, Decentralized Federation, Coordinated Federation or Centralized Hub. Each strategy has characteristics for prevent unexpected issues. Decentralized federation is an organizational configuration model that provides authority of most key assets and resources to each subsidiary.And the connection between each subsidiary and head office is comparatively loose. In other words, the organization treats subsidiaries as independent national businesses (Bartlett & Beams, 2011). In TEASE Motors' case, this model should not be efficient and sustainable. The separation of each subsidiary would cause the leaking of information. The coordinated federation indicates decentralized many assets and resources to each subsidiary but still the corporate management has the authority to control everything.Additionally, the linkage between each subsidiary and head office is very tight and formal thus compare with centralized federation, it would be relatively easier to control and protect technologies. Last, the centralized hub means most of the assets and resources are controlled by center office. It only allows a small portion of authority to each subsidiary about management. In other words, this type of managing strategy treats subsidiaries as a pipeline for global marketing (Bartlett & Beams, 2011).It sounds a good managing strategy for TEASE to protect its information and technologies. However, it might cause losing chance to gain new opportunities. Again according to he development of living standard and culture difference, we cannot give a conclusion only consider with these definition of managing model. In management perspective of TEASE, extend market business into transnational organization must cons ider every single piece of information. If they do not have a complete managing strategy, it would be very vulnerable to leak their top business secret or core technologies to others.How to solve the problems in establishing a transnational company In the process of becoming a transnational company, different levels of economic, political, culture, genealogical and management forces are faced to the company. Thus, It becomes more and more vital to the company that how to develop their ability to effectively solve those diverse and conflicting problems at the same time. Transnational company needs to use transnational strategy to solve the conflicting environmental forces and win the competitive advantages.In the aspects of responding to the force for global integration and coordination, transnational company must build global efficiency through a worldwide infrastructure of distributed but specialized assets and capabilities that exploit comparative advantages, scale economies, and scope economies simultaneously. ( Bartlett & Beams, 1943 Pl 25). Through exploiting differences in sourcing and market potential across countries, exploiting economies of scale, and exploiting economies of scope, the transnational company can build worldwide competitive advantages.In the process of exploiting worldwide economies of scale, the transnational company must develop a more sophisticated and differentiated configuration of assets and capabilities, which means the transnational company needs to centralize the key resources and capabilities within the home-country operation to not only realize call economies but also protect certain core competencies; certain other resources must be ex-centralized to complement the benefits of scale economies; and some other resources must be decentralized on a regional or local basis to protect against operation risk and reduce logistical and coordination costs.Also, in order to achieving the competitive advantages, transnational company ne ed to fully understand the concept of â€Å"global chess† which is using cross-subsidizing method to leverage their existing strengths to cover their weaker products and market positions.On the other and, the transnational company not only need to build an interdependent and integrated network organization within the company but also need to collaborate relationships externally with other firms. This needs the transnational company to form strategic alliances and coalitions to collaborate, isolate and defeat competitors through the technology exchange, global competition, industry convergence, economies of scale and reduction of risk.In the aspects of responding to the force for local differentiation and responsiveness, because more and more national customers o longer demand simply differentiation and the host government desires to build their national competitiveness and dominates economic policy in many countries, so transnational company must have the flexibility to chang e product designs, sourcing patterns, and pricing policies continuously to remain responsive to continually changing national environment and to snatch the minimum scale efficiency, as well as the requisite government relationships and consumer understanding to respond to market.In the aspects of the forces for worldwide learning and innovation, transnational company must build the capability to learn environmental and nominative information from many complex circumstances in different parts of the world, collate and interpret that information to become a part of the company's shared knowledge base and provide input to future strategies. Also, transnational company needs to spread and share its learning outcomes to other companies throughout their global operations.In addition, although some products and processes must still be developed centrally for worldwide use and others must be created locally in each environment to meet purely local demands, transnational company must create truly transnational innovations through increasingly use its access to multiple centers of technologies and familiarity with diverse customer learning and innovation is to act as the sensors of new market trends or technological developments; to attract scarce talent and expertise; and to collaborate with other subsidiaries to exploit the resulting new products and initiatives worldwide. Bartlett & Beams, 1943 IPPP) Responding to management forces In the process of managing a transnational company, the management must create the ability to sense and analyze the numerous and often conflicting worldwide opportunities, pressures, and demands.Within the management groups, national subsidiary management is needed to sense and represent the changing needs of local consumers and the increasing pressures from host governments; capable global business management is required to track the strategy of global competitors and provide the coordination necessary to respond appropriately; and influe ntial worldwide functional management is needed to concentrate corporate knowledge, information, and expertise and facilitate their transfer among organizational units. Bartlett & Beams, 1943 IPPP). Because of the unbalance relationship between sectional subsidiary management, global business management, and worldwide functional management in the decision-making, the transnational company need to build the multidimensional perspectives which means the transnational company need to build up the capability, credibility, and influence of the less powerful management groups while protect the moral and expertise of the dominant group to balance the different management groups.Simultaneously, the transnational company should build the integrated network configuration, which means the management needs to specialize and give the responsibility to their national units to dead them become the company's world source for a given product or expertise. However, the parent companies still hold the capability to secure and tap into the operation activities of their national units. Finally, the management in transnational company is required to have the ability to differentiate its operating relationships and change its decision-making roles by function, across businesses, among geographic units, and over time.In turn, the management process must be able to change from product to product, from country to country, and even from decision to decision. ( Bartlett & Beams, 1943 IPPP). Similarly, the transnational company not only needs to build an interdependent and integrated network organization within the company but also need to collaborate relationships externally with other firms. In the process of managing the alliance as following: 1. The management of transnational company needs to evaluate the potential partners, escalate the commitment, and try their best to make the scope of alliance simplicity and flexibility. . The management needs to manage the boundary though struct uring the interface, manage the knowledge flows through integrating the interface, and provide the tragic direction through building an effective governance structure. Responding to challenge forces In responding to the challenge force, the transnational company needs to become a transformation company that not only complete the commitment required but also help developing countries deal with problems.The transnational company needs to make significant investments in developing products or services to meet important to use their positive influence to improve the exploitative and unfair circumstance in the workplace and the communities in which they operate. China – A New Market 1. The Reason of Choosing China A. New Entrepreneur Sometimes, companies that enter the market first would take more advantage than the others, which enter the market later, such as Amazon and Fed. They are both good examples to show the advantage of being leading entrepreneurs. But for China ‘s foreign enterprises, the situation would often Just be the opposite.In this vast, undeveloped, and big market, the phenomenon that firms, which enter later, would take more advantages occurs. In fact, Just entering the market, enterprises are likely to get support from the pioneers. The specialists of business and the legal said that n the automotive, retail and technology industries, new entrants that enter into the business may be more smoothly. Many foreign companies can set up fully owned Company directly, rather than Joint ventures with Chinese government-owned enterprises. Moreover, we can also learn from the lessons advance into the enterprise.Some previous companies entering China is still enduring the trauma that Chinese bureaucracy gave them the last eighties and nineties, not to mention sometimes they had to corruption and inefficient behavior and even local businesses cooperation. B. Potential Upscale Market According to recently study, the power of Luxury purchasing of Chinese consumers is one of the top three positions of the entire world. That implies that China is absolutely a market of huge potential and we should make Tease a luxury brand and the target costumers are the people who are not sensitive to price.About the dealer location, we should select the most high-end shopping center, with many famous brand luxury goods and fashion neighbor, we can see that the initial positioning Tease into China, taking the luxury car brand image. We may take experiences from Apple, for the reason that we are similar with Apple. Since Steve Jobs' published speech, prices of apple products tend to lead to amazing cheer, given Apple's these experiences in China, Phone's brilliant achievements, we have no reason not to learn from Apple. 2.Management Configuration To protect the core technology and essential patents, we decide to adopt geographic subsidiary management; means that we would like to operate subsidiary company in China instead of choose a partner of international Joint ventures. We would send top managers from the US parent company to supervise the local companies and do decision-making with few local managers. We would like to choose Chinese local lealer to make marketing research and development, make marketing plans and charge the sales department. 3.Tease Commitment in China Tease is committed to the principle of working in China, with China, for China. We desire to bring about positive change also extends to the workplace and the communities which we operate. In that case, we would build a partnership with Non- governmental Organizations or supra-government agencies that can provide expertise in social program delivery that the companies typically lack. To be pacific, friendly and be helpful to the local communities though all the sections. We would ray the best to focus on design and develop the new economizing energy engine.